Note from the Working Party. Some definitions which are in current legal usage, do not reflect current norms around gender and the use of pronouns. For the purposes of definitions in our survey and with relation to where to seek advice, sexual assault can be committed by any gender, and rape is committed by a person with a penis.
We have listened to a wide variety of professionals including those impacted by sexual misconduct. We do not use the terms “victim” or “survivor”. While victim is used as a legal term, the common usage of the words victim and survivor can confer an assumption as to how a person who has been targeted by a perpetrator feels. Many report to us they feel neither of the above, but are simply angry at what happened to them, furious that justice has not been served, and morally injured by the fact that the person who assaulted them remains in post.
Sexual harassment is unwanted behaviour of a sexual nature. The law (Equality Act 2010) protects the following people against sexual harassment at work:
To be sexual harassment, the unwanted behaviour must have either:
If you are being harassed at work, sexual harassment can include:
You do not need to have previously refused or objected to someone's behaviour for it to be considered harassment.
The definition of sexual violence varies across the United Kingdom:
A person (A) commits an offence if:
Whether a belief is reasonable is to be determined having regard to all the circumstances, including any steps A has taken to ascertain whether B consents.
A person (A) commits an offence if:
Whether a belief is reasonable is to be determined having regard to all the circumstances, including any steps A has taken to ascertain whether B consents.
A victim is someone who has suffered as a result of someone else's actions or beliefs, or as a result of unpleasant circumstances.
The UK Government Code of Practice for victims of crime acknowledges that the terms 'complainant' and 'survivor' are often used in the criminal justice system to describe a person who has made a criminal allegation to the police. However, for the purpose of this Code, the definition of a 'victim' is:
A survivor (of sexual misconduct) is someone who has gone or is going through the recovery process. In this survey, we do not intend to impose these terms in a prescriptive manner. We acknowledge and respect that individuals will differ in their use of these terms. Witness In general, a witness is someone who sees or perceives an event happening. In this survey, we do not to use this term in a legal sense. It more broadly refers to someone who has seen, overheard or been present for an event. It excludes hearsay.